Emphysema

Emphysema is an extremely serious condition that results mainly from smoking, and it can lead to severe complications.

Emphysema

Emphysema occurs due to the damage in the walls of the alveoli in the lungs. This damage results primarily from smoking, and although the condition can be managed, it can’t be reversed.

Causes of emphysema

• The main cause of emphysema is smoking, which destroys the lung tissue.
• Exposure to other irritants, such as chemical fumes, vapors, and dust.
• Genetic causes in rare cases.

Symptoms of emphysema

Emphysema can be asymptomatic for years. In general, the symptoms start gradually and include:

• The primary symptom of emphysema is shortness of breath, especially with physical activity.
• Chest heaviness or tightness.
• The feeling of not being able to get enough air.
• Coughing
• Wheezing or whistling sound when breathing out.
• Fatigue.
• Yellow or green mucus.
• Weight loss.
• Swelling in the ankles.
• Sometimes, the symptoms may exacerbate even with treatment, and this requires immediate management.

Complications of emphysema

• Pulmonary hypertension.
• Heart disease.
• Increased air spaces in the lungs.
• Pneumothorax (collapsed lung).
• Lung cancer.
• Depression and anxiety.

Diagnosis of emphysema

• Imaging tests.
• Lung function tests.
• Lab tests.

Treatment of emphysema

• Quitting smoking.
• Medications.
• Oxygen therapy.
• Surgery to restore the normal lung size.
• Lung transplant in certain cases.