Cavities (Tooth Decay)

Cavities (tooth decay) are common, especially among children, teenagers, and older adults, and they can lead to severe complications if they aren’t managed.

Cavities (tooth decay)

Cavities (tooth decay) are holes in the tooth that develop when the enamel (the hard outer layer of the tooth) erodes.

Causes and risk factors of cavities (tooth decay)

• Cavities occur in stages and due to several factors. The bacteria in the mouth feed on starchy and sugary foods and drinks, and they convert carbohydrates into acids. Due to that, dental plaque forms. When there isn’t proper brushing and flossing, the plaque formation causes the tooth enamel to dissolve, and that’s what causes tooth decay.
• The risk of dental caries increases due to the following factors: dry mouth, not brushing and flossing properly, snacking a lot, gum recession, Sjogren’s disease, certain medications (like antidepressants), dental devices, heartburn, and eating disorders.

Symptoms of cavities (tooth decay)

Symptoms of cavities (tooth decay) vary depending on their number and location, and they include:

• Tooth pain and sensitivity.
• Bad breath.
• Pain when biting.
• Mild to moderate pain when eating or drinking something cold, hot, or sweet.
• Holes on the tooth or brown, black, or white staining on the tooth surface.
• If not managed, cavities can lead to damaged or broken teeth, chewing problems, persistent pain, tooth loss, and abscesses in rare cases.

Diagnosis of cavities (tooth decay)

• Teeth examination.
• Imaging tests.

Treatment of cavities (tooth decay)

• Treating dental caries depends on the severity of the condition, and treatments include fluoride, fillings, root canal therapy, and tooth extraction.
• Cavities (tooth decay) can be prevented by practicing good oral hygiene, brushing the teeth at least twice a day, flossing once a day, rinsing the mouth after eating or drinking, avoiding snacking a lot, and checking the teeth regularly.