Encephalitis

Encephalitis is a serious condition that is caused by several factors and might lead to life-threatening complications if not managed.

Encephalitis

Encephalitis is a rare condition, and it can occur due to several causes. Encephalitis can lead to death when it’s not managed rapidly.

Causes and risk factors leading to encephalitis

The cause of brain inflammation is unknown in around 50% of the cases. They include, in general:

• Viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus, enterovirus, and viruses that transfer through the bites of mosquitos and ticks.
• Bacterial and fungal infections.
• Autoimmune encephalitis, which occurs when the immune system attacks the brain.
• The risk of encephalitis increases when a person already has an autoimmune disorder or a weakened immune system and when a person is a smoker.

Symptoms of encephalitis

Symptoms of encephalitis differ depending on the type, and they generally include:

• Flu-like symptoms.
• Stiff neck.
• Seizures.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Abnormal movements.
• Muscle weakness.
• Loss of consciousness.
• Confusion.
• Hallucinations.
• Memory and speaking problems.
• Hearing and vision changes.
• Changes in the personality.
• In infants and young children: stiff body, bulging of the soft spot of the skull, nausea, vomiting, poor feeding, and irritability.
• Encephalitis can lead to coma or death.

Diagnosis of encephalitis

• Blood tests.
• Imaging tests.
• Lumbar puncture.

Treatment of encephalitis

• Treating encephalitis depends on the cause, and the patient usually stays in the hospital during the treatment period.

Prevention of encephalitis

• Practice good hygiene.
• Don’t share utensils.
• Get your vaccinations.
• Protect yourself from the bites of mosquitos and ticks.