Hyperprolactinemia

The prolactin hormone is responsible for the development of breast tissue and lactation, and hyperprolactinemia can occur due to several reasons.

Hyperprolactinemia

When there are elevated levels of prolactin in the blood, it causes hyperprolactinemia, which isn’t a serious condition, but it causes severe complications sometimes.

In general, women suffer from hyperprolactinemia more than men.

Causes of hyperprolactinemia

• The most prevalent reason for hyperprolactinemia is prolactinoma, which is a benign tumor in the pituitary gland.
• Other tumors in the pituitary gland.
• Certain health conditions, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, hypothyroidism, Cushing disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, chest wall injuries (like fractured ribs or sternum), and shingles, especially in the chest area.
• Certain medications, such as birth control pills, hormonal therapy (like estrogen therapy), hypertension medications (like verapamil and methyldopa), heartburn and gastroesophageal reflux disease medications (like H2 antihistamines), nausea and vomiting medications, antipsychotic medications (like risperidone and haloperidol), depression medications (like SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants), and pain medications that contain opioids.

Symptoms of hyperprolactinemia

Hyperprolactinemia might cause mild or no symptoms.

Symptoms of elevated blood prolactin for anyone:

• Decreased libido.
• Osteopenia.
• Infertility.
• The nipples might discharge milky secretions (without being pregnant or breastfeeding in women).
• Symptoms of hyperprolactinemia in women:
• Changes in the menstruation cycle.
• Pain during intercourse.
• Symptoms of hyperprolactinemia in men:
• Decreased testosterone.
• Erectile dysfunction.
• Gynecomastia.

Diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia

• Blood tests.
• Imaging tests, when needed.

Treatment of hyperprolactinemia

• Treating hyperprolactinemia depends on the cause, and some cases might not need any treatment.