Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)

Stevens Johnson syndrome is a rare but very serious complication that is a medical emergency and requires immediate care.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Stevens Johnson syndrome is a disorder that affects the skin and mucous membranes, and it’s rare and very serious. It usually occurs as a reaction to a certain medication.

Causes and risk factors of Stevens-Johnson syndrome

• The exact cause of Stevens Johnson syndrome may not be clear, but it’s typically triggered by medication, an infection, or both. The drugs that lead to Stevens Johnson syndrome include gout medications, medications for seizures and mental illnesses, antibacterial sulfonamides, nevirapine, and pain relievers (such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, and naproxen).
• The risk of Stevens-Johnson syndrome increases due to the following factors: a weakened immune system, HIV infection, cancer, family history, and genetics.

Symptoms of Stevens-Johnson syndrome

• Early signs of Stevens Johnson syndrome include fever, extreme tiredness, burning eyes, and sore throat and mouth.
• After that, a red and purple rash, skin pain, blisters on the skin and mucous membranes, and shedding of the skin days after the manifestation of the blisters.
• Stevens Johnson syndrome can lead to dehydration, sepsis, eye issues (like dry eye, inflammation, and light sensitivity), acute respiratory failure, and permanent skin damage (like dyspigmentation and scars).

Diagnosis of Stevens-Johnson syndrome

• Physical exam.
• Medical history.
• Skin biopsy.
• Imaging tests.
• Blood tests.

Treatment of Stevens-Johnson syndrome

• Stopping the medication that caused the condition.
• Supportive care, including fluid replacement and taking care of the wounds.
• Certain medications to manage the symptoms.