Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS)

Toxic shock syndrome is a serious condition and could lead to life-threatening complications, although it’s rare.

Toxic shock syndrome

Toxic shock syndrome is a rare condition that occurs due to certain types of bacterial infections, and it could be fatal in some cases.

Toxic shock syndrome could affect anyone, but it’s more common in women.

Causes and risk factors of toxic shock syndrome

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria cause TSS in most of the cases, and Streptococcus aureus might cause it as well.

The risk of toxic shock syndrome increases due to the following factors:

• Leaving the tampon for a long time because bacteria can grow on it.
• Using birth control sponges, diaphragms, or menstrual cups for too long.
• Skin cuts or burns.
• A recent surgery.
• Viral infections, such as the flu or chickenpox.

Symptoms of toxic shock syndrome

Symptoms of toxic shock syndrome manifest suddenly, and they include:

• Low blood pressure.
• High fever.
• Redness in the eyes, mouth, and throat.
• Sunburn-like rash, mostly on the hand palms and feet soles.
• Nausea and vomiting.
• Diarrhea.
• Muscle pain.
• Seizures.
• Confusion.
• Headache and dizziness.
• TSS could lead to kidney failure, liver failure, heart failure, and death if it isn’t managed rapidly.

Diagnosis of toxic shock syndrome

• Blood tests.
• Urine tests.
• A swab from the vagina.
• Imaging tests.

Treatment of toxic shock syndrome

• Treating toxic shock syndrome usually requires hospitalization, and it includes antibiotics and other medications.
• Sometimes, a surgery to remove the dead tissue from the infection site is required.
• To reduce the risk of toxic shock syndrome, use tampons with the lower absorbency and change them every 4-8 hours, and don’t use tampons except during the period.